整株林木垂向抗拉试验研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

陈丽华  余新晓  张东升 《资源科学》2004,26(Z1):39-43

在土壤地形条件相同的情况下,对整株树木进行垂直拉拔试验,结果表明,树木的根系分布形态直接影响根系的垂直抗拉效果.杜鹃水平根系发达,拉拔过程中根系整体被拉出,而冬瓜杨由于垂直根系较发达,拉拔过程持续时间较长,冷杉具有垂直和侧向主根,荷载-位移(P-S)曲线表现出多峰的特征.  相似文献   

O8Al深冲钢板塑性应变比的预估     

赵骧  徐家桢  梁志德  黄丽明 《科技通报》1996,(1)

借助于等体积分割法计算了各结构组分的体积百分含量，定量考虑各个织构组分的贡献，并以近真ＯＤＦ的简便算法消除其误差；结合连续体力学法得出的相应取向的塑性应变比预估了Ｏ８Ａｌ深冲钢板的ｒ值．结果表明：预估值与实测值符合得较好．  相似文献   

Effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting     

Ayako Higashihara  Yasuharu Nagano  Kazumasa Takahashi  Toru Fukubayashi 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(13):1366-1375

This study aimed to investigate the effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting. Eight male sprinters performed maximal-effort sprints in two trunk positions: forward lean and upright. A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model was used to compute the musculotendon lengths and velocity of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles during the sprinting gait cycle. The musculotendon lengths of all the three hamstring muscles at foot strike and toe-off were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. In addition, a positive peak musculotendon lengthening velocity was observed in the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles during the late stance phase, and musculotendon lengths at that instant were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. The present study provides significant evidence that a potential for hamstring muscle strain injury involving forward trunk lean sprinting would exist during the stance phase. The results also indicate that the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles are stretched during forward trunk lean sprinting while contracting eccentrically in the late stance phase; thus, the elongation load on these muscles could be increased.  相似文献   

运动员腘绳肌致伤风险与防范策略          下载免费PDF全文

李钊 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(4):64-73

腘绳肌拉伤是当前世界竞技体育面临的亟待解决的热点与重点问题之一。结合最新的研究进展，对腘绳肌致伤的风险因素、机制、评价以及训练防范机制进行梳理，认为肌肉收缩适宜长度缩短、力量不均衡、准备活动不充分是造成腘绳肌拉伤的主要因素；等速测力法与实地测试法评价腘绳肌拉伤的有效性还需进一步研究；在训练实践中建议采用腘绳肌离心训练的方式，逐渐增加训练时间、强度、频率，课次间歇至少48 h等训练策略，能够有效避免腘绳肌运动拉伤。  相似文献   

Is there really an eccentric action of the hamstrings during the swing phase of high-speed running? part I: A critical review of the literature     

Bas Van Hooren  Frans Bosch 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(23):2313-2321

It is widely assumed that there is an eccentric hamstring muscle fibre action during the swing phase of high-speed running. However, animal and modelling studies in humans show that the increasing distance between musculotendinous attachment points during forward swing is primarily due to passive lengthening associated with the take-up of muscle slack. Later in the swing phase, the contractile element (CE) maintains a near isometric action while the series elastic (tendinous) element first stretches as the knee extends, and then recoils causing the swing leg to forcefully retract prior to ground contact. Although modelling studies showed some active lengthening of the contractile (muscular) element during the mid-swing phase of high-speed running, we argue that the increasing distance between the attachment points should not be interpreted as an eccentric action of the CE due to the effects of muscle slack. Therefore, there may actually be no significant eccentric, but rather predominantly an isometric action of the hamstrings CE during the swing phase of high-speed running when the attachment points of the hamstrings are moving apart. Based on this, we propose that isometric rather than eccentric exercises are a more specific way of conditioning the hamstrings for high-speed running.  相似文献   

Exploring athletes’ perceptions of coach stress in elite sport environments     

Richard C. Thelwell  Christopher R. D. Wagstaff  Adam Rayner  Michael Chapman  Jamie Barker 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(1):44-55

The present study aimed to extend research that has focused on the identification of stressors associated with coaching practice by systematically evaluating how such stressors effect athletes, and more broadly, the coach–athlete relationship. A total of 13 professional- and national-level athletes were interviewed to address the three study aims: how they detect when a coach is encountering stressors, how coach experiences of stress effects them as an athlete, and how effective the coach is when experiencing stress. Following content analysis, the data suggested athletes were able to detect when a coach was experiencing stress and this was typically via a variety of verbal and behavioural cues. Despite some positive effects of the coach experiencing stress, the majority were negative and varied across a range of personal influences on the athlete, and effects on the general coaching environment. It was also the broad view of the athletes that coaches were less effective when stressed, and this was reflected in performance expectations, perceptions of competence, and lack of awareness. The findings are discussed in relation to the existing theory and with reference to their implications for applied practice, future research, and development of the coach–athlete relationship.  相似文献   

武术教学中教师应变能力的研究     

侯鹏 《搏击·武术科学》2011,(12):79-80

武术教学中应变能力的合理运用是教师的一项基本素质。为了体现出高质量的武术教学,文章分别通过教师自身、课程组织中各种教学失误及学生突发事件,就应变的运用做出分析,并提出相对合理的对策,为完善武术教师的综合素质提供一定参考。  相似文献   

预防短跨运动员足、踝关节劳损的体会     

杨健 《科教文汇》2011,(36):154-155

本文就如何预防短跨运动员足、踝关节的劳损发表相关意见。  相似文献   

Examining coaches’ perceptions of how their stress influences the coach–athlete relationship     

Richard C. Thelwell  Christopher R. D. Wagstaff  Michael T. Chapman  Göran Kenttä 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(19):1928-1939

This study extends recent coach stress research by evaluating how coaches perceive their stress experiences to affect athletes, and the broader coach–athlete relationship. A total of 12 coaches working across a range of team sports at the elite level took part in semi-structured interviews to investigate the 3 study aims: how they perceive athletes to detect signals of coach stress; how they perceive their stress experiences to affect athletes; and, how effective they perceive themselves to be when experiencing stress. Following content analysis, data suggested that coaches perceived athletes able to detect when they were experiencing stress typically via communication, behavioural, and stylistic cues. Although coaches perceived their stress to have some positive effects on athletes, the overwhelming effects were negative and affected “performance and development”, “psychological and emotional”, and “behavioural and interaction” factors. Coaches also perceived themselves to be less effective when stressed, and this was reflected in their perceptions of competence, self-awareness, and coaching quality. An impactful finding is that coaches are aware of how a range of stress responses are expressed by themselves, and to how they affect athletes, and their coaching quality. Altogether, findings support the emerging view that coach stress affects their own, and athlete performance.  相似文献   

用神经网络实现应变片温度补偿     

谢闰根  刘刚 《江西教育学院学报》2007,28(3):22-25

针对应变片工作时易受环境温度影响产生温漂,导致测量的准确度下降,提出了一种基于递归神经网络的应变片温度误差的补偿方法,利用神经网络良好的非线性映射能力,根据实际工作参数训练网络,从而实现应变片温度误差的智能补偿。结果表明:当环境温度从20℃～60℃变化时,应变片的温度漂移可从补偿前的0.23%下降到补偿后的0.02%,能有效地解决温度漂移现象。  相似文献